Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Analysis

Project Summary

Full Title:	IEA Hydrogen Annex 13 Transportation Applications Analysis
Project ID:	142
Principal Investigator:	S.M. Schoenung
Brief Description:	The goal of this analysis is to aid decisions regarding hydrogen stations and components. Gaseous and liquid hydrogen refueling alternatives, various vehicle configurations, driving cycle implications, and cost variations are considered.
Keywords:	Hydrogen; infrastructure; refueling; electrolyzer; reformer; pipeline; tailpipe emissions

Purpose

To contribute to the discussion on preferred choice of fueling options and hydrogen distribution alternatives.

Performer

Principal Investigator:	S.M. Schoenung
Organization:	Longitude 122 West
Address:	1010 Doyle Street, Suite 10 Menlo Park, CA 94025
Telephone:	650-329-0845
Email:	schoenung@aol.com

Sponsor(s)

Name:	Doug Hooker
Organization:	DOE Golden Field Office
Telephone:	303-275-4780
Email:	doug.hooker@go.doe.gov

Period of Performance

Start:	May 2000
End:	June 2002

Project Description

Type of Project:	Analysis
Category:	Environmental, Hydrogen Fuel Pathways, Vehicle Options
Objectives:	Cost of hydrogen dispensed to vehicle; vehicle fuel economy; footprints for refueling stations; local emissions

Technologies Considered:	1. Bulk liquid hydrogen from an existing central reformer transported to the refueling station by truck, stored as a cryogenic liquid and dispensed to the vehicle as a liquid. 2. Bulk liquid hydrogen from an existing central reformer transported to the refueling station by truck, stored as a cryogenic liquid and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. 3. Bulk gaseous hydrogen transported to the refueling station by existing pipeline, stored as a compressed gas at 5000 psi and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. This case is valid only where there is a nearby pipeline. (Pipeline construction costs were not considered.) 4. Gaseous hydrogen generated at the refueling station from natural gas by steam methane reforming, stored as a compressed gas at 5000 psi and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. 5. Gaseous hydrogen generated at the refueling station from natural gas by a partial oxidation process, stored as a compressed gas and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. 6. Gaseous hydrogen generated at the refueling station by electrolysis, stored as a compressed gas at 5000 psi and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. (For the present analysis, grid electricity is assumed to power the electrolyzer. Renewable electricity may be considered later.)

Technologies Considered:

1. Bulk liquid hydrogen from an existing central reformer transported to the refueling station by truck, stored as a cryogenic liquid and dispensed to the vehicle as a liquid.
2. Bulk liquid hydrogen from an existing central reformer transported to the refueling station by truck, stored as a cryogenic liquid and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas.
3. Bulk gaseous hydrogen transported to the refueling station by existing pipeline, stored as a compressed gas at 5000 psi and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. This case is valid only where there is a nearby pipeline. (Pipeline construction costs were not considered.)
4. Gaseous hydrogen generated at the refueling station from natural gas by steam methane reforming, stored as a compressed gas at 5000 psi and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas.
5. Gaseous hydrogen generated at the refueling station from natural gas by a partial oxidation process, stored as a compressed gas and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas.
6. Gaseous hydrogen generated at the refueling station by electrolysis, stored as a compressed gas at 5000 psi and dispensed to the vehicle as a gas. (For the present analysis, grid electricity is assumed to power the electrolyzer. Renewable electricity may be considered later.)

Methodology/Approach:	Excel spreadsheet

Outputs:	Capital cost of fueling components; delivered cost of hydrogen; footprint area; fuel economy; CO emissions; NOx emissions; HC emissions; greenhouse gas emissions

Sensitivities Studied:	Impact of under-utilization of the refueling stations; impact of cost of on-site hydrogen production units

Timeframe Studied:	2005 - 2015

Products/Deliverables

	Description: Conference Paper Publication Title: Proceedings of the 2001 Hydrogen Program Review Meeting Article/Abstract Title: IEA Hydrogen Annex 13 Transportation Applications Analysis Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy Type of Publication: Conference Paper Author Name(s): Schoenung, Susan (PDF 248 KB) Download Adobe Reader. Publication Date: May 2002

Date Last Updated: 12/18/2006